Showing 6 results for Electron Microscopy
M. J. Tafreshi, B. Dibaie, M. Fazli,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
Abstract: A thermodynamic model was used to find out the optimum temperature for the growth of ZnS single crystals in closed ampoules by chemical vapor transport technique. Based on this model 1002 °C was found to be optimum temperature for 2 mg/cm3 concentration of transporting agent (iodine). ZnS Crystals were grown in optimum (1002 °C) and non-optimum (902 °C and 1102 °C) temperatures. The composition structure and microstructure of the grown crystals were studied by Atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy measurements. Properties of the grown crystals were correlated to the growth conditions especially a stability in mass transport along the closed tube length.
S Ahmadi, H. R. Shahverdi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract
Achieving extreme hardness in the newly synthetic steel formed by converting from initial amorphous state to subse-quent crystalline structure –named as devitrification process- was studied in this research work. Results of TEM observa-tions and XRD tests showed that crystallized microstructure were made up four different nano-scale phases i.e., α-Fe, Fe 36 Cr12 Mo10 , Fe 3 C and Fe3 B. More, Vickers hardness testing revealed a maximum hardness of 18.6 GPa which is signifi-cantly harder than existing hardmetals. Detailed kinetic and structural studies have been proof that two key factors were contributed to achieve this extreme hardness supersaturation of transition metal alloying elements (especially Nb) and also reduction in the structure to the nano-size crystals.
H. Shalchian, A. Farbod, H. Beygi, S. A. Sajjadi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
High energetic aluminum nanoparticles are mainly used as additive in solid rocket propellants. However,
fabrication of these aluminized energetic materials is associated with decreasing the burning rate of propellants due
to problems such as oxidation and agglomeration of nanoparticles. In this study, to improve combustion performance
of aluminum nanoparticles, coating by metallic Ni shell was studied. Nickel coating of aluminum nanoparticles was
performed through electroless deposition (ED) subsequently, morphology and chemical composition of Ni-coated
nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These studies show that a uniform Ni layer with a
thickness of 10nm is coated on the surface of Al nanoparticles. Thermal analysis of uncoated and Ni-coated aluminum
nanoparticles was done using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results
of thermal analysis indicate that, coating the aluminum particles by Ni, leads to improvement in combustion
performance of aluminum nanoparticles through decreasing critical ignition temperature, ignition delay time of the
nanoparticles and promoting the ignition by exothermic chemical reactions between Al and Ni
D. Gharailou, A. Abbasi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Effect of electro migration on crystal structures of platinum nanowire (Nano bridge) during Nano-gap
formation is investigated by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Selected area diffraction patterns as
well as bright field images are used for this investigation. There were severely recessions in the polycrystalline Nano
bridge and crystal structures around the nanogap changed completely during electro migration. Due to Joule heating,
original small crystal with random orientation disappeared and newly crystals with a preferred orientation grew. They
have [111] orientations (respect to beam direction) with slight misorientations. α and θ was defined to calculate the
misorientation and used to represent Nano-gap formation mechanism. The calculation gives the breaking of Nano
bridge occurred along grain boundaries in most of Nano bridges. The controlling system during eletromigration may
affect on the shapes of tips so that the shape of tips in Nano bridges, in which feedback control is applied, is more
symmetric than others. The effect of temperature on atomic diffusivity might be the reason of the behaviour. {422}
could be a preferred surface plane for mass transport in platinum Nano bridge in which atoms move along it
Namrata Saxena, Varshali Sharma, Ritu Sharma, Kamlesh Kumar Sharma, Kapil Kumar Jain,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
The work reported in this paper was focused on the investigation of surface morphological, microstructural, and optical features of polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin film deposited on p-type Si < 100 > substrate using e-beam PVD (physical vapor deposition) technique. The influence of annealing over the surface morphology of the thin film was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy characterization methods. When the annealing temperature was increased from as-deposited to 800 °C there was a significant growth in the grain size from 28.407 nm to 37.89 nm. This granular growth of BaTiO3 made the thin film appropriate for nanoelectronic device applications. The roughness of the annealed film got increased from 31.5 nm to 52.8 nm with the annealing temperature. The optical bandgap was computed using Kubelka-Munk (KM) method which got reduced from 3.93 eV to 3.87 eV for the as-deposited to the 800 °C annealed film. The above reported properties made the annealed film suitable for optoelectronic applications. For polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin film the refractive index varied from 2.2 to 1.98 from 400 to 500 nm and it was 2.05 at 550 nm wavelength. The broad peaks in Raman spectra indicated the polycrystalline nature of the thin film. It had been also observed that with the annealing temperature the intensity of the Raman bands got increased. From these results, it was proved that annealing significantly improved the crystallinity, microstructural, surface morphological and optical features of the barium titanate thin film which made it suitable as sensors in biomedical applications as it is cost-effective, lead-free and environment friendly material.
Zainab J. Shanan, Huda M.j. Ali, H.f. Al-Taay,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
The objectives of this work is to synthesize TiO2/MgO nanocomposites using a pulse laser deposition technique. At a vacuum pressure of 2.5 10-2 mBar, TiO2/MgO nanocomposites were synthesized on substrates with a laser power of 600 mJ and a wavelength of 1064 nm. This search utilizes various pulses (500, 600, and 700) at a 6-Hertz repetition rate. X-ray diffraction was utilized to investigate crystallography of the phases in the samples, as well as average crystallite size (XRD). An increase in the average crystal size was observed with an increase in the number of shots (from 35.15 to 38.08) nm at (500 to 700) shots respectively. The impact of the number of laser shots on the surface characteristics of TiO2/MgO nanocomposites was also evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Finally, optical characteristics were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Increasing the number of shots increased the absorbance and thus reduced the energy gap.
