Showing 19 results for Temperature
Hadian Fard M.j.,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2004)
Abstract
Effects of temperature on properties and behavior of a 20 vol % particulate SiC reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy and 6061 unreinforced Al alloy were investigated. Yield strength and elongation to failure were measured as a function of test temperatures up to 180^oC. In addition, the effects of holding time at 180^ oC on tensile properties and fracture mechanisms of the materials at this temperature were studied. The behaviors of the materials were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption (AA), hardness measurement and image analyzing (IA). The results show that an increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the yield strength and increase in the elongation to failure of the materials. On the other hand, while increasing holding time at 180^oC produces an increase in the elongation to failure of the unreinforced alloy, it reduces the elongation to failure of the composite. It was also observed that reduction in yield strength with increasing holding time at 180^oC was faster for the composite material compared to the unreinforced alloy. The results from SEM, XRD, EDS, IA and hardness tests indicated that some chemical reactions had taken place at the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix alloy during holding the specimens at elevated temperature. Therefore, different trend in elongation to failure of the unreinforced alloy and the composite material with holding time at elevated temperature could be attributed to development of chemical reactions between the reinforcement and the matrix alloy at the interface.
Sheikh Abdolhossein A., Nili Ahmad Abadi M.,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2004)
Abstract
In the present research influences of different combinations of five types of inoculants and four types of nodularizers on eutectic nucleation in ductile cast iron were studied. The alloys were kept at 1320°C for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min under nitrogen atmosphere. Cooling curves and image analysis were used to characterize the influence of holding time and different combinations of inoculants and nodularizers on the graphite morphologies and eutectic nucleation. When dominant morphology of graphite is spheroidal or flake, by decreasing the different combinations of nodularizers and inoculants fading resistance, temperature of eutectic undercooling decreases. Nevertheless, when there is combination of spheroidal, vermicular and flake graphites temperature of eutectic undercooling increases by reduction of material fading resistance.
Akbar Zadeh A., Salari M.,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2004)
Abstract
AA3004 alloy is widely used in can making. The major concern in the production of canbodies is earing, which develop by high planar anisotropy of rolled sheet. Balance ofrecrystallisation and rolling textures together with a uniform and fine grain microstructure canminimize the earing. The effects of finish rolling temperature (FRT) on planar anisotropy,microstructure, texture development and mechanical properties of sheet have been analyzedIncreasing the FRT resulted in promotion of cube and G texture in hot rolled sheet. Lower |ΔR| ofthe final sheet with higher FRY, i.e. the lower planar anisotropy, is accompained with a balance ofrolling and recrystallisation orientations.
Haddad Sabzevar M., Fredriksson H.,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2006)
Abstract
The hot cracking susceptibility can be determined by establishing the transition temperature between brittle and ductile fracture at high temperature tensile testing of in situ solidified samples. High temperature tensile properties were determined for commercial cathodic pure Cu and Cu- 30%Zn alloy. The transition temperatures for pure Cu and Cu-30%Zn were evaluated from ultimate tensile stress, true strain and area reduction at different testing temperatures. The results show that hot cracking in pure Cu also occurred below and near to its melting temperature. It can be proposed that in this case excess vacancies and vacancy diffusion and condensation are the dominating mechanisms for hot crack formation. The transition temperature for Cu- 30%Zn was much lower than its solidus temperature and this alloy has more susceptibility to hot cracking as compared to pure Cu. The effect of two different cooling rates (15 °C/min and 60 °C/min) on the transition temperature was investigated. The results show that by increasing cooling rate, the transition temperature will increase. The morphology of fracture surfaces for both ductile and brittle modes were evaluated by SEM Two different morphologies, i.e. interdendiritic and intergranual fracture, was found.
B. Mirzakhani,mohammadi, H. Arabi,s. H. Seyedein, M. R. Aboutalebi, M. T. Saleh, Sh. Khoddam,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Abstract:Optimization of specimen geometry before subjecting it to hot torsion test (HTT) is essential for minimizingnon-uniform temperature distribution and obtaining uniform microstructure thought the specimen.In the present study, a nonlinear transient analysis was performed for a number of different geometries andtemperatures using the commercial finite element (FE) package ANSYSTM. FE thermal results then were applied tooptimize HTTspecimen produced from API-X 70 microalloyed steel taking into account the microstructurehomogeneity. The thermodynamic software Thermo-calcTM was also used to analysis solubility of microalloyingelements and their precipitates that may exist at different equilibrium conditions. In addition the behavior of austenitegrain size during reheating was investigated. The results show high temperature gradient occurred in long specimens.This could lead to non homogeneous initial austenite grain size and alloying element or precipitates within the gaugesection of the specimen. The proposed optimization procedure can in general be used for other materials and reheatingscenarios to reduce temperature. This then creates more homogeneous initial microstructure prior to deformation andreduces errors in post processing of the HTTresults
H. Rafiee*,, S. Rastegari, H. Arabi, M. Mojaddami,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
Abstract:
activity gas diffusion process has been investigated in this research. Effects of coating temperature and aluminum
concentration in powder mixture on formation mechanism were studied using optical and scanning electron
microscopes, EDS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. For this purpose two different packs containing 1 and 2
wt% aluminum powder, were used for coating the samples at two temperatures, 850ºC and 1050ºC. The ratio of Al to
activator was kept constant in both packs. By increasing the Al content in high activity powder mixture, the
concentration of diffused Al increased in the coating layers, and the thickness of coating increased. At 1050ºC as the
rate of diffused Al to the interdiffusion zone increased, this zone gradually transformed to outer coating phases. At
850ºC coating formed by inward diffusion of Al, but at 1050ºC it was initially formed by inward diffusion of Al followed
by outward diffusion of Ni.
Formation mechanism of an aluminide coating on a nickel base superalloy IN738LC via a single step high
A. Mohsenifar, M. R. Aboutalebi, S. H. Aboutalebi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Hot dip aluminizing was carried out on the low carbon steel rod under optimized conditions. The aluminized
samples were further oxidized at 1000̊C in air atmosphere at two different times of 20 and 60 minutes. Microstructure
study and phase analysis were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods, respectively.
The characterization of the coating showed that, Fe2
Al5
has been the major phase formed on the surface of specimen
before heat treatment. Following the oxidation of the coating at high temperature, Al
2O3
was formed on the surface of
coating while Fe
2
Al5
transformed into FeAl and Fe
3
Al which are favorable to the hot corrosion resistance of the
coating. Corrosion resistance of aluminized samples before and after heat treatment was evaluated by rotating the
samples in the molten aluminum at 700 ̊C for various times and the dissolution rate was determined. The obtained
results showed that by oxidizing the coating at high temperature, the corrosion resistance of the samples in molten
aluminum improves significantly.
A. Qaed Amini Haroooni, H. Eskandari, M. H. Maddahy, I. Danaee,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol-water mixture was investigated by polarization curves and AC impedance measurements (EIS). The results obtained from polarization curves showed that corrosion rate decreased with increasing ethylene glycol concentration. EIS data showed the decrease in the interface capacitance which caused by adsorption of ethylene glycol at the surface of aluminum alloy. The cathodic current increased with the increase in rotating speeds of solution and the anodic current decreased. The effect of temperature was studied and the corrosion rate was increased with increasing the temperature. In addition, thermodynamic parameters were calculated in different ethylene glycol concentrations
M. Maddah, M. Rajabi, S. M. Rabiee,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract
In this study, the composite material with composition of MgH2-5 wt% SiC has been prepared by co-milling of MgH2 with SiC powder. The effect of milling time and additive on MgH2 structure, i.e. crystallite size, lattice strain, particle size and specific surface area, and also hydrogen desorption properties of obtained composite was evaluated by thermal analyzer method and compared with pure un-milled MgH2. The phase constituents and grain size of powder were characterized by X-ray diffractometry method. It has been shown that addition of 5 wt% SiC to MgH2 and mechanical alloying up to 30 h formed a nanocrystalline composite with the average crystallite size of 12 nm, average particle size of 0.5 µm and specific surface area of 10 m2/g. On the other hand, SiC can help to break up particles and reduce the particle size. As a consequence, the desorption temperature of composite material milled for 30 h has decreased from 435 °C to 361 °C.
P. Amin, A. Nourbakhsh, P. Asgarian, R. Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Abstract
In this study, Boron carbide was synthesized using Mesoporous Carbon CMK-1, Boron oxide, and magnesiothermic reduction process. The Effects of temperature and magnesium grain size on the formation of boron carbide were studied using nano composite precurser containg mesoporous carbon. Samples were leached in 2M Hydrochloric acid to separate Mg, MgO and magnesium-borat phases. SEM, XRD and Xray map analysis were caried out on the leached samples to characterize the boron carbide. results showed that the reaction efficiency developed in samples with weight ratio of B2O3:C:Mg = 11:1.5:12, by increasing the temperature from 550 to 650 °C and magnesium powder size from 0.3 m to 3 m.
M. Mahmoudiniya, Sh. Kheirandish, M. Asadi Asadabad,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Nowadays, Ni-free austenitic stainless steels are being developed rapidly and high price of nickel is one of the most important motivations for this development. At present research a new FeCrMn steel was designed and produced based on Fe-Cr-Mn-C system. Comparative studies on microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of new steel and AISI 316 steel were done. The results showed that new FeCrMn developed steel has single austenite phase microstructure, and its tensile strength and toughness were higher than those of 316 steel at 25, 200,350 and 500°C. In contrast with 316 steel, the new FeCrMn steel did not show strain induced transformation and dynamic strain aging phenomena during tensile tests that represented higher austenite stability of new developed steel. Lower density and higher strength of the new steel caused higher specific strength in comparison with the 316 one that can be considered as an important advantage in structural applications but in less corrosive environment
V. Lykhoshva, A. Tymoshenko, L. Mosentsova, V. Savin, D. Schitz,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
This article studies the particle temperature distribution depending on the laser radiation power and the particle’s trajectory and velocity. The uneven heating of particles moving in the laser radiation field is identified. The regimes of laser heating without melting, with partial melting, and with complete particle melting are considered.
M. Naseri, M. Alipour, A. Ghasemi, E. Davari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
One of the interesting state-of-the-art approaches to welding is the process of friction stir welding (FSW). In comparison with the fusion processes, FSW is an advantageous method as it is suitable for the non-fusion weldable alloys and polymeric materials joining. Regarding the materials pure solid state joining, it also provides joints with less distortion and enhanced mechanical properties. In the present work, a three-dimensional (3D) model based on finite element analysis was applied to study the thermal history and thermomechanical procedure in friction stir welding of high density polyethylene plate. The technique includes the tool mechanical reaction and the weld material thermomechanical procedure. The considered heat source in the model, includes the friction among three items: the material, the probe and the shoulder. Finally, the model was validated by measuring actual temperatures near the weld nugget using thermocouples, and good agreement was obtained for studied materials and conditions.
Yogesh Dewang, Vipin Sharma,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Finite element analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters on axisymmetric hot extrusion process using aluminum alloy. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of friction coefficient, die angle, die-profile radius and predefined temperature of workpiece through FEM simulation of extrusion process. Nodal temperature distribution, heat flux, peak temperature at nodes and peak flux induced are identified as the output variables to assess the thermo-mechanical deformation behavior of aluminum alloy. Mesh sensitivity analysis is performed for the evaluation of mesh convergence as well as depicts the accuracy of present FEM model. Higher will be the coefficient of friction between interacting surfaces of die-billet assembly, more will be the increment in nodal temperature in billet. Higher will be the coefficient of friction, higher will be the generation of heat flux within billet, as this is achieved for highest coefficient of friction. Peak nodal temperature diminishes with increase in die profile radius nearly by 17 %.Maximum heat flux diminishes non-linearly by 30% with increase in die profile radius. Maximum nodal temperature increases nearly linearly by 14% with increment in predefined temperature of billet. Maximum heat flux decreases non-linearly by 5 % with increment in the initial temperature of workpiece. Validation of present numerical model is established on the basis of deformation behavior in terms of evolution of nodal temperature distribution upon comparison with previous studies available in literature.
Najwa Gouitaa, Lamcharfi Taj-Dine, Bouayad Lamfaddal, Abdi Farid, Mohamed Ounacer, Mohammed Sajieddine,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
Rahida Wati Sharudin, Nik Salwani Md Azmi, Muhammad Shafiq Mat Shayuti, Masahiro Ohshima,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
The control of silicone rubber’s viscoelastic properties namely loss factor, storage and loss moduli during crosslinking are crucial as its malleable behaviour changes differently under different conditions and affecting the final product. Hence, it becomes the objective of this study to investigate the rheological behaviour of silicone rubber cured under different formulation ratios with platinum catalysts and triethylamine, methanol & ethanolamine solvent. Measurement was conducted for the silicone rubber to crosslinker ratios of 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5 and 10:1 at different elevated temperatures, and for the silicone rubber with triethylamine, methanol and ethanolamine at different angular frequencies. While the crossover of storage and modulus curve which signifies a gel point was not observed at higher ratios of platinum used across the temperature range of 25 – 100°C, it was found at 89°C and 95°C with the formulation ratios of 10:1 and 7.5:2.5, respectively. On the other hand, the crossover point was observed for silicone rubber at 100 s-1 for triethylamine, 3 s-1 and 100 s-1 for methanol, and 70 s-1 alongside 290 s-1 for ethanolamine. The presence of gel point indicates that crosslinking of silicone rubber successfully took place and this study proves that controlling the crosslinking behaviour was possible.
Tamilanban Thangaraju, Thirupandiyur Selvanambi Ravikumar, Sivaraman Kanthasamy,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
The effect of pouring temperature while preparing Al SiC metal matrix composites, with additional benefits of magnesium and copper through stir casting technique were investigated. The composites were fabricated by mixing 12 wt% of SiC reinforcements, 4 wt% magnesium and 2 wt% copper into 6061 aluminium alloy melt at different pouring temperatures (630 ºC, 670 ºC and 710ºC). The addition of magnesium will enhance the wettability of the SiC particles with Al matrix and subsequently increase its interface bonding strength. The inclusion of copper has considerable improvement in strength and hardness of the composite. The microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the Al MMC are evaluated with the corresponding processing parameter, specifically pouring temperature of the cast composite. The metallurgical characterization utilizing optical and scanning electron microscope were observed for the prepared composites. The coarse microstructure and homogenous distribution of alloying elements along with SiC particles were appeared within dendrite structures of the Al SiC composites. The SiC particles has effectively distributed and produced better bonding strength in composites prepared with 670ºC pouring temperature. Higher tensile strength and maximum hardness have occurred in composite at pouring temperature of 670ºC as compared to other composites. The mechanical properties were lower in composites prepared using lesser pouring temperature (630ºC) and significantly decreased for higher pouring temperature (710ºC) of the composites.
Pooyan Soroori, Saeid Baghshahi, Arghavan Kazemi, Nastaran Riahi Noori, Saba Payrazm, Amirtaymour Aliabadizadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
The goal of the present study is to prepare a room temperature cured hydrophobic and self-cleaning nano-coating for power line insulators. As a result, the installed insulators operating in power lines can be coated without being removed from the circuit and without the need to cut off power. For this purpose, hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using TEOS and HMDS. The synthesized hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM analyses to investigate phase formation, particle size, and morphology. Then the surface of the insulator was cleaned and sprayed by Ultimeg binder solution, an air-dried insulating coating, as the base coating. Then the hydrophobic nano-silica powder was sprayed on the binder coated surface and left to be air-cured at room temperature. After drying the coating, the contact angle was measured to be 149o. Pull-off test was used to check the adhesion strength of the hydrophobic coating to the base insulator. To evaluate the effect of environmental factors, UV resistance and fog-salt corrosion tests were conducted. The results showed that 150 hours of UV radiation, equivalent to 9 months of placing the samples in normal conditions, did not have any significant effect on reducing the hydrophobicity of the applied coatings.
Tumelo Moloi, Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu, Maina Maringa, Amos Muiruri,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
The stability of microstructure at high temperatures is necessary for many applications. This paper presents investigations on the effect of changes in temperature on the microstructures of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V(ELI) alloy, as a prelude to high temperature fatigue testing of the material. In the present study, a Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) EOSINT M290 was used to additively manufacture test samples. Produced samples were stress relieved and half of these were then annealed at high temperatures. The samples were then heated from room temperature to various temperatures, held there for three hours and thereafter, cooled slowly in the air to room temperature. During tensile testing, the specimens was heated up to the intended test temperature and held there for 30 minutes, and then tensile loads applied to the specimens till fracture. Metallographic samples were then prepared for examination of their microstructures both at the fracture surfaces and away from them. The obtained results showed that changes in temperature do have effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V(ELI) alloy. It is concluded in the paper that changes in temperature will affect the fatigue properties of the alloy.
